![]() These interlinked conflicts and insecurities would definitely require holistic multidimensional approaches and mechanisms, that go beyond the protracted and narrow, fragmented ‘nationalist’ and politicized perspectives that tend to characterize studies on the conflicts in the Horn. The presence of international actors including the United States, France, and more recently China, as well as the activities of transnational criminal networks call for more scientific and critical studies about the nature of the conflict dynamics and its regional dynamics. International intervention in the region has in some regards contributed to the intractability of the conflicts and insecurity in the region. Such interventions have been driven by competing national interests, and a host of factors: economic, political, and security, strategic-linked to the war on terror and the international concerns related to acts of piracy off the coast of Somalia. These intra-state and inter-state conflicts have over time compounded by a combination of intra-regional and international intervention. These festering conflicts are underpinned by historical, socio-economic and interlinked factors. ![]() The Horn of Africa (HOA), comprising of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan is the most conflict-ridden region in the continent. ![]()
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